PRODUCTS OIL & GAS
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We care about our people and our business, as we understand that it takes a symbiosis of the two to achieve true excellence.
E-link Supply UK Ltd. & SM Consulting Ltd. have direct access to Oil Refineries around the world. We work directly with Mandatories and Refinery to give you the best possible prices.
Our prices are the lowest in the market because there are no brokers or intermediaries in between. We will give you the direct price from the refinery in 3 working days from the day of your request. We check the availability and price and make sure they are up to date before giving you an answer hence the 3 day delay.
The Refineries' FCO will come directly on clients name through You.
PRODUCTS
JET FUEL / ATF (AVIATION TURBINE FUEL)
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Jet fuel , Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF ), or Aviation is a type of fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is clear to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1 which are produced to a standardized international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance.
Civil Jet Fuels
Aviation turbine fuels are used for powering jet and turbo-prop engine aircraft and are not to be confused with Avgas. Outside former communist areas, there are currently two main grades of turbine fuel in use in civil commercial aviation : Jet A-1 and Jet A, both are kerosene type fuels. There is another grade of jet fuel, Jet B which is a wide cut kerosene (a blend of gasoline and kerosene) but it is rarely used except in very cold climates.
Jet A-1 is a kerosene grade of fuel suitable for most turbine engine aircraft. It is produced to a stringent internationally agreed standard, has a flash point above 38°C (100°F) and a freeze point maximum of -47°C. It is widely available outside the USA Jet A-1 meets the requirements of British specification DEF STAN 91–91 (Jet A-1), (formerly DERD 2494 (AVTUR)), ASTM specification D1655 (Jet A-1) and IATA Guidance Material (Kerosene Type), NATO Code F-35.
Jet A is a similar kerosene type of fuel, produced to an ASTM specification and normally only available in the USA It has the same flash point as Jet A-1 but a higher freeze point maximum (-40°C). It is supplied against the ASTM D1655 (Jet A) specification.
Jet B is a distillate covering the naphtha and kerosene fractions. It can be used as an alternative to Jet A-1 but because it is more difficult to handle (higher flammability), there is only significant demand in very cold climates where its better cold weather performance is important. In Canada it is supplied against the Canadian Specification CAN/CGSB 3.23.
ULTRA-LOW SULFUR NO 2 DIESEL D2
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US Gulf Coast Ultra-Low Sulfur No. 2 Diesel Ultra-low-sulphur diesel (ULSD) is diesel fuel with sulfur content 'Substantially lowered. Since 2006, almost all of the petroleum-based diesel fuel available in Europe and North America has been of a ULSD type.
US Gulf Coast Ultra-Low Sulfur No 2 Diesel Spot Price ON REQUEST.
What is D2 and where is it used?
D2 is a refinery abbreviation for Gasoil. It is the second distillate from the crude oil, and can be used without reformers and additives. So, the first engines used D2 as fuel — before petrol cars as we know them today were invented. That is because the engine invented by a German called Diesel, requires no spark plugs. The diesel engine will ignite and combust when the pressure increases so that the heated “plug” makes it explode. Here we get the name “Diesel” — since the same principles are used in diesel engines today. However, automotive diesel that you fill has additives that the refinery will add to make the engine more efficient and also easier to start in the winter. Diesel changes “flash point” in the winter. It also has additives to absorb water that condense. If you use summer diesel in the winter, you will get better mileage,
ISO has a standard for D2 that most of oil companies use as their reference.
In the US it is ANSI that has defined the US national standard for D2, according to proposals from the ASTM, API and EPA.
In Europe there are similar national variants, eg in Germany set by DIN, and in Russia by GOST.
The GOST variant for D2/Gasoil is GOST 305–82 and now specifies a Sulfur content of 0.02 MAX which is according to the ISO standard. However, the ANSI standard will call this “Ultra Low Sulfur”, and retain 0.2% (2000ppm) as the “Low Sulfur”. The reduction of Sulfur in the Gasoil used for heating has contributed to less pollution in many cities.
D6 BUNKER FUEL OIL
ALSO KNOWN AS VIRGIN FUEL OIL/ RESIDUAL FUEL OIL/ BUNKER OIL
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D6 Diesel is also known as Residual Fuel Oil / Bunker Fuel Oil , Bunker Oil and is of high-viscosity. This particular fuel oil requires preheating to 220 – 260 Degrees Fahrenheit. D6 is mostly used for generators.
D6 is a type of residual fuel, mainly used in power plants and larger ships. The fuel requires to be preheated before it can be used. It is not possible to use it in smaller engines or vessels/vehicles where it is not possible to pre-heat it. D6 is its name in the USA. In other parts of the world it has other names.
The price of D6 diesel traditionally rises during colder months as demand for heating oil rises, which is refined in much the same way. In many parts of the United States and throughout the United Kingdom and Australia, D6 diesel may be priced higher than petrol.
The unit of viscosity used is the Centistoke and the d6 fuel most frequently quoted are listed below in order of cost, the least expensive first-
- IFO 380 – Intermediate d6 fuel oil with a maximum viscosity of 380 Centistokes
- IFO 180 – Intermediate d6 fuel oil with a maximum viscosity of 180 Centistokes
- LS 380 – Low-Sulphur (<1.5%) intermediate d6 fuel oil with a maximum viscosity of 380 Centistokes
- LS 180 – Low-Sulphur (<1.5%) intermediate d6 fuel oil with a maximum viscosity of 180 Centistokes
- MDO – Marine diesel oil.
- MGO – Marine gas oil.
EN-590 DIESEL (ULTRA LOW SULPHER DIESE
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EN590 describes the physical properties that all automotive diesel fuel must meet if it is to be sold in the European Union, Croatia, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.
The EN 590 had been introduced along with the European emission standards. With each of its revisions the EN 590 had been adapted to lower the Sulfuric content of diesel fuel - since 2007 this is called ultra low Sulfur diesel as the former function of Sulfur as a lubricant is absent (and needs to be replaced by additives).
The quality of European diesel fuels is specified by the EN 590 standard. While these specifications are not mandatory, they are observed by all fuel suppliers in Europe.
Automobile diesel EN 590 is intended for application in diesel engines. Diesel engine fuel quality meets the requirements of European Standard EN 590. For operation in the conditions of a temperature climate following marks of fuel diesel automobile EN 590 are offered: Grade C - limiting filterability temperature -5 ° C; Grade D - limiting filterability temperature -10°C; Grade E - limiting filterability temperature - 15°C; Grade F - limiting filterability temperature -20°C. The entire volume of produced diesel fuel quality meets the requirements for fuels for vehicles of Euro 4 and Euro 5.
FUEL OIL
ALSO KNOWN AS HEAVY OIL, MARINE OIL , AND FURNACE OIL
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Fuel oil (also known as heavy oil , marine fuel or furnace oil ) is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue. In general terms, fuel oil is any liquid fuel that is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, except oils having a flash point of approximately 42 °C (108 °F) and oils burned in cotton or wool-wick burners. Fuel oil is made of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkenes, cycloalkanes and aromatics. The term fuel oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil, ie, heavier than gasoline and naphtha.
Small molecules like those in propane, naphtha, gasoline for cars, and jet fuel have relatively low boiling points, and they are removed at the start of the fractional distillation process. Heavier petroleum products like Diesel and lubricating oil are much less volatile and distil out more slowly, while bunker oil is literally the bottom of the barrel; in oil distilling, the only things denser than bunker fuel are carbon black feedstock and bituminous residue (asphalt), which is used for paving roads and sealing roofs.
In Europe, the use of diesel is generally restricted to cars (about 40%), SUVs (about 90%), and trucks and buses (about 99%). The market for home heating using fuel oil, called heating oil, has decreased due to the widespread penetration of natural gas as well as heat pumps. However, it is very common in some areas, such as the North-eastern United States.
CRUDE OIL
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What is Crude Oil and what are the available types.
Crude oil is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. A type of fossil fuel, crude oil can be refined to produce usable products such as gasoline, diesel and various forms of petrochemicals. It is a non-renewable resource, which means that it can't be replaced naturally.
The Different Types of Oil
West Texas Intermediate (WTI)
This type of oil contains low amounts of sulfur and density. Its sulfuric content is only 0.24% and its gravity is 39.6 degrees. The West Texas Intermediate is considered to be both sweet and light crude oil. The refining of this oil is usually done in Gulf regions as well as the United States because it is conveniently situated to oil reserves.
Brent Blend
The term Brent Blend is obtained from the geographical location where this type of oil is extracted from. Brent Blend is termed as sweet oil having 0.37% sulfur and 38.06 degrees in gravity. Brent Blend oil is typically used for making petroleum and gasoline for vehicles.
Dubai Crude
As the name puts it, the Dubai Crude oil comes from Dubai – a massive oil producing country in the world. The Dubai crude has a light density, having 31 degrees gravity and a sulfuric content of only 2%.
Russian Export Blend (REBCO)
This type of oil has been the standard for Russian crude oil. This is also a perfect example of sour oil because of its high amount of sulfur. Russian expert blend oil is heavily exported to Italy and Netherlands.
Bonny Light Crude Oil (BLCO)
Bonny Light oil is a high grade of Nigerian crude oil with high API gravity (low specific gravity), produced in the Niger Delta basin and named after the prolific region around the city of Bonny
MAZUT
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RUSSIAN ORIGIN HEAVY FUEL OIL
Mazut is a heavy, low quality fuel oil, used in generating plants and similar applications. In the United States and Western Europe, mazut is blended or broken down, with the end product being diesel.
Mazut may be used for heating houses in the former USSR and in countries of the Far East that do not have the facilities to blend or break it down into more conventional petrol-chemicals. In the West, furnaces that burn mazut are commonly called "waste oil" heaters or "waste oil" furnaces.
Mazut-100 is a fuel oil that is manufactured to GOST specifications, for example GOST 10585-75 (not active), GOST 10585-99 Oil fuel. Mazut is almost exclusively manufactured in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan. This product is typically used for larger boilers in producing steam since the energy value is high. The most important factor when grading this fuel is the sulfur content, which can mostly be affected by the source feedstock. For shipment purposes, this product is considered a ”dirty oil” product, and because viscosity drastically affect whether it is able to be pumped, shipping has unique requirements. Mazut is much like Number 6 Oil (Bunker C), and is part of the products left over after gasoline and lighter components are evaporated from the crude oil.
Different types of Mazut-100
The main difference between the different types of Mazut-100 is the content of sulfur. The grades are represented by these sulfuric levels:
”Very Low Sulfur” is mazut with a Sulfuric content of 0.5%
”Low Sulfur” is a mazut with a Sulfuric content of 0.5-1.0%
”Normal Sulfur” is a mazut with a Sulfuric content of 1.0-2.0%
”High Sulfur” is a mazut with a Sulfuric content of 2.0-3.5%
Very Low Sulfur mazut is generally made from the lowest sulfur crude feedstocks. It has a very limited volume to be exported because:
The number of producers in Russia is limited. Refineries which produce this are generally owned by the largest domestic oil companies, such as Lukoil and Rosneft, etc.
In Russia and the CIS a minimum of 50% from the total volume produced is sold only to domestic consumers in Russia and the CIS.
Most of the remainder amount is reserved by state quotas for state controlled companies abroad.
The remaining volume available for export is sold according to state quotas, via state auctions, accessible only to Russian domestic companies.
Low to high sulfur mazut is available from Russia and other CIS countries (Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan). The technical specifications are represented in the same way, according to the Russian GOST standard 10585-99. The Russian origin mazu demands higher prices.
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)
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Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas ( LPG or LP gas ) , also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.
It is widely used alternative fuel. It has substantial reserves due to its dual origins from natural gas processing and crude oil refining. Liquefied Petrol Gas (LPG) powered passenger cars have about 10% lower tailpipe CO2 emission than comparable gasoline powered cars. When compared to a diesel car, there is no significant CO2 emission reduction per km driven; however, LPG powered vehicles do have substantially lower NOx emissions than diesel powered vehicles.
It is an inevitable by-product of the crude oil refining process and of natural gas processing. In natural gas processing, the natural gas is cleaned off heavy hydrocarbons such as propane and butane before distribution. About 60% of global LP Gas supply comes from natural gas processing (WLPGA, 2011). In crude oil refining, LPG is a by-product of the refining process. LPG is gaseous at room temperature and changes to a liquid when compressed at moderate pressure or chilled. The chemical composition of LPG can vary, but is usually made up of butane and propane with a 30-99% propane mix.
LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG)
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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to a liquid state, at about -260°Fahrenheit, for shipping and storage. The volume of natural gas in its liquid state is about 600 times smaller than its volume in its gaseous state. This process, which was developed in the 19th century, makes it possible to transport natural gas to places pipelines do not reach and to use natural gas as a transportation fuel.
For large-volume ocean transport, LNG is loaded onto double-hulled ships, which are used for both safety and insulating purposes. Once the ship arrives at the receiving port, LNG is off-loaded into well-insulated storage tanks, and later degasified for entrance into a pipeline distribution network.
LNG can also be shipped in smaller quantities, usually over shorter ocean distances. There is a growing trade in small-scale LNG shipments, which are most commonly made using the same containers used on trucks and in international trade, specially outfitted with cryogenic tanks. Other small-scale LNG activities include “peak-shaver” liquefaction and storage facilities, which can hold gas compactly for when it is needed in local markets in the US during times of peak demand. LNG is also sometimes imported or exported by truck from this kind of facility.
PETROLEUM COKE (PET COKE)
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Fuel-grade coke is classified as either sponge coke or shot coke morphology. While oil refiners have been producing coke for over 100 years, the mechanisms that cause sponge coke or shot coke to form are not well understood and cannot be accurately predicted. In general, lower temperatures and higher pressures promote sponge coke formation. Additionally, the amount of heptane insoluble present and the fraction of light components in the coker feed contribute.
Calcined petroleum coke (CPC) is the product from calcining petroleum coke. This coke is the product of the Coker unit in a crude oil refinery. The calcined petroleum coke is used to make anodes for the aluminum, steel and titanium smelting industry. The green coke must have sufficiently low metal content to be used as anode material. Green coke with this low metal content is called anode-grade coke. When green coke has excessive metal content, it is not calcined and is used as fuel-grade coke in furnaces.
BITUMEN OR ASPHALT
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It is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product, and is classified as a pitch. Before the 20th century, the term asphalt was also used.
The primary use (70%) is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs.
The terms "asphalt" and "bitumen" are often used interchangeably to mean both natural and manufactured forms of the substance. In American English, "asphalt" (or "asphalt cement") is commonly used for a refined residue from the distillation process of selected crude oils. Outside the United States, the product is often called "bitumen", and geologists worldwide often prefer the term for the naturally occurring variety. Common colloquial usage often refers to various forms of asphalt as "tar", as in the name of the La Brea Tar Pits.
The components of asphalt include four main classes of compounds:
Naphthene aromatics (naphthalene), consisting of partially hydrogenated polycyclic aromatic compounds
Polar aromatics, consisting of high molecular weight phenols and carboxylic acids produced by partial oxidation of the material.
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